1. General Topics Home
2. Introduction
   1. Getting Started
   2. Using The Help File
   3. Top Dozen Functions
   4. Golden Rules
   5. Excel 2007
3. Menu Options
   1. Go To
   2. Function Selector
   3. CalculateFull
   4. Calculate WorkSheet
   5. Trace Facility
   6. Quick Paste Example
   7. Tutorials
   8. Function Finder
   9. Examples
   10. Help
   11. Excel"s Function Wizard
   12. Access Internet
   13. Usage of Functions (Audit)
   14. Uninstall
4. Business Functions Date Arithmetic
   1. Time Periods
   2. Inclusive and Exclusive Dates
   3. Using Daycount
   4. Examples of DayCount
   5. Annual Date Sequences
   6. ProjMode and Inclusive Dates
   7. Date Rolling Convention
5. Techniques
   1. Rate Projections Functions Walkthrough
   2. Accruals and Cash
   3. Repeating Formulae
   4. Range Names and References
   5. Optional Parameters
   6. Using PmtsPerYear
   7. Modelling Seasonality
   8. Calculating Interest
   9. Using Business Functions in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications)
   10. Array Functions
   11. Volatility
   12. Annual Equivalent Rates
   13. Array Function
   14. Auto Multi Functions
   15. Variable Plurality
   16. GoalSeek
6. Worked Examples
   1. Introduction To the Worked Examples
   2. Daycount
   3. General Projections
   4. Business Plans
   5. Cashbasis And Periods
   6. Using Timebases
   7. Using Dates
7. How to ...
   1. How To Generate a time scale for a structured financing
   2. How To Project Rents off a Rental Forecast
   3. How To Run a model on different time bases
   4. How To Isolate The Cause of a Errors in Cells using Trace
8. Utilities - Information
   1. Introduction to the Utilities
   2. Audit
   3. Synchronized Range Insert/Delete
   4. Database Edit
   5. Insert Macro Button
   6. Link Analyser
   7. Range Describer
   8. PrintScript (beta)
   9. Create Local Range Name
9. Utilities - Formatting
   1. Number Formats
   2. Apply BF"s Color Palette
   3. Bullets
   4. Color Cells
   5. Conditional Formats
10. Utilities - Validating
    1. Validation DropDowms
    2. Validation Standards
11. Utilities - Operations
    1. Select Excel Function
    2. Array Function Tools
    3. Sort Sheets
    4. Range Value
    5. Named Range Manager
    6. Enforce WorkBook Settings
    7. Monte-Carlo
    8. TimeChart
12. Customising Business Functions
    1. The ".ini" file
13. Resources On The Web
    1. Forum
    2. Online Help
    3. Templates
14. Appendix 1
    1. Conversion of Input Strings to Values
    2. List of Holidays
    3. Acknowledgements and Trademarks
    4. Published Editions Changes in Behaviour
    5. Range Handling And Constraints
    6. Dates in Excel and Business Functions
    7. Old Composite DayCount Format
    8. DayCount in Excels"s Functions
15. Appendix 2 Key Formulae
    1. NPV of Annual To Periodic CashFlows - CorrectionM
    2. Interest - Simple, Annual, Continous and Discount Factors
16. Appendix 3 New and Retired Functions
    1. New Functions
    2. Obsolete Functions
    3. Discontinued Functions
    4. Deprecated Functions

Accruals and Cash

• In Accruals mode functions therefore calculate how much of a payment period (usually a year) is contained within the time period you specify. This might be how much of a year, how many quarters, how many months etc. The daycount method, for specifying how to calculate the difference between two dates, is described by two optional variables DayCount and Periods. For more information see Using Daycount and Examples of DayCount.
  
• In Cash mode functions calculate how much of the payment actually occurs in the time period. To determine this, the function needs either an standard option for quarterly, monthly payments etc, or, because such standard options may be restrictive, you can specify your own timing of quarters in Periods. For more information see Using Daycount and Examples of DayCount.

• If you are using a function in accruals mode, then letting the function use the default DayCount will nearly always result in highly accurate results, and there is often no need to specify DayCount and Periods.
  
• If you are using a function in cash mode, specify your own annual sequence using a series of dates that you have somewhere in your spreadsheet. You can use the default (quarterly in advance) by omitting Periods altogether, but you will be more in control by specifying your own dates. You can also use the preset options for Periods and DayCount (see Using Daycount).
  
• For a large model, it is best to have at least two named global variables in the worksheet to use for DayCount and Periods. For more information and our recommendations on named variables, see Range Names and References